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VEGFR inhibition using sunitinib does not
2024-05-17
VEGFR2 inhibition using sunitinib does not result in tumor growth reduction or in a further decrease in vessel density in NDRG1 overexpressing glioma rendering these tumors intrinsically resistant to antiangiogenic treatment. Intrinsic resistance to antiangiogenic therapy is defined as a non-respons
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This evidence suggests the strong clinical relevance of
2024-05-17
This evidence suggests the strong clinical relevance of the identification of acquired resistance mechanisms for a proper therapeutic decision in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. When the tissue is not available, the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) can be a valid alternative for the det
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Cells have developed strategies aiming to enhance both the
2024-05-17
Cells have developed strategies aiming to enhance both the efficiency of proteins with chaperone activity as well as their overall antioxidant capacity to maintain proteostasis under oxidative stress conditions (Miyata et al., 2012). For instance, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin is an abundantly expressed, anti
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br Downstream signalling of AKT A consensus phosphorylation
2024-05-17
Downstream signalling of AKT A consensus phosphorylation motif has been described for AKT substrates: R-X-R-X-X-S/T-B where X represents any amino pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor and B represents bulky hydrophobic residues (Alessi, Caudwell, Andjelkovic, Hemmings, & Cohen, 1996). Numerou
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DAergic as well as GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons send
2024-05-17
DAergic, as well as GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, send projections to target forebrain structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and support diverse functional roles (Carr and Sesack, 2000a, Carr and Sesack, 2000b, Omelchenko and Sesack, 2009, Taylor
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Role of APPL in endosomal signaling pathways Endosomes consi
2024-05-17
Role of APPL in endosomal signaling pathways Endosomes consist of distinct membrane subdomains within individual organelles and assist in the translation of extracellular stimuli via cytoplasmic transduction cascades to the nucleus [3], [74]. Endosomal abnormalities are associated with the pathogen
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In eukaryotes class III ACs including
2024-05-17
In eukaryotes, class III ACs (including GCs) are almost universally present, with the noteworthy exception of higher plants. Our dataset comprises 9690 sequences of class III nucleotide cyclases from 710 eukaryotic species. Approximately 80% thereof belong to subclass IIIa and 10% to subclasses IIIb
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br Acknowledgements We thank Dr Stefan
2024-05-17
Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Stefan Schulte-Merker and his group members at the Hubrecht Institute (Utrecht, the Netherlands) for their invaluable support of the zebrafish studies. Our work is supported by grants from the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF) and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific
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br Materials and methods br Results and discussion In our
2024-05-16
Materials and methods Results and discussion In our previous studies (Matarneh et al., 2017), mitochondria were mechanically disrupted and separated into supernatant and pellet fractions by centrifugation. The causative agent for enhnced glycolytic flux was shown to be a protein that resides i
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The co crystal structure of blebbistatin bound to
2024-05-16
The co-crystal structure of ()-blebbistatin ()- bound to myosin II (PDB: ) was used to scout for possible favorable interactions with the residues lining the binding pocket. Looking at A, we hypothesized that -oriented hydrophilic moieties (e.g. hydroxymethyl) on C of the blebbistatin scaffold migh
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The most likely explanation for the species
2024-05-16
The most likely explanation for the species differences in aromatase distribution and the unique 2 deoxyglucose mg distribution in humans is the unique location, size and highly elaborate organization of the human aromatase gene (e.g. Bulun et al., 2003). The human Cyp19 is a large gene located on c
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While we chose to divide our etiologies into
2024-05-16
While we chose to divide our etiologies into three categories, it should be noted that such division has certain limitations. Even though URIs and the common cold are considered mainly viral in origin and rhinosinusitis mainly bacterial in origin,26, 27 there is considerable overlap between these co
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Apocynin Introduction It has long been recognized that angio
2024-05-16
Introduction It has long been recognized that angiogenesis is critical to the growth, progression, and metastasis of many solid tumor types [1], and thus, drugs targeting the angiogenic pathway have been a topic of clinical investigation in the oncology community for many years. Angiogenesis is reg
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Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase DPP
2024-05-16
Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft
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How do increased levels of
2024-05-16
How do increased levels of ammonia as observed in clinical HE constrain synaptic plasticity? Numerous studies have investigated the modulation of signal transduction pathways activated in LTP or LTD irrespective of being necessary or sufficient for changes in synaptic efficacy (Wen et al., 2013). Ye